106assign03.html

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Laboratory & Class Assignments / Activities:

Laboratory:

Classification of Matter: Mixtures & Pure Substances

Report Form

Instructions:
Part I: Unknown Mixture
Part II: Chromatography of pen ink

http://chemconnections.org/general/movies/paperchromatography.mov

Laboratory / Kitchen Activities in Chemistry:

Activity I: Molecules, Mixtures and Solubility

Activity II: Solutions and Colloids

Activity III: Measures, Unit Conversions and Scaling

Activity IV: Gelatin and Protein Digestion

Activity V: Acids / Bases / pH

Percent Acetic Acid in Vinegar (Titration)

Unknown Assignment
Data
Calculations

The Chemistry of Flour:

Activity Goals:
To study gluten formation and consider some factors and additives which can affect gluten formation and dough’s elasticity, and apply these observations on a molecular level.

Part I: Uniformly mix 3.0 ounces of flour with water (50% by weight) for each of the flour types listed, except for "Vital Gluten" which should be 75%.

Cake (Ca), All Purpose (AP), Bread (Br), Rye (Ry), Whole Wheat (WW), "Vital Gluten" (VG)

Roll each dough into a ball. Knead each of them for 1 minute and compare their relative elasticity. Use a table to compare the flours by recording the more elastic of the two, eg. Cake Flour (Ca) vs. Bread (Br). Give each 1/2 for a tie. Total the number of times each flour was selected. Enter the total under "Elasticity" in the second table and rank them 1 through 6.

Vital Guten (after baking)

Courtesy of Richard Friedell

Part II: Divide each dough ball into three approximately equal parts. Knead one portion of the "Bread Flour" dough for an additional 2 minutes and record your observation. Take this portion and one portion of each of the other doughs and place them on a baking sheet.
Then for all of the flour doughs: Take a second portion and add one 1/8 teaspoon of salt and knead for 1 minute. To the last portion add 1/4 teaspoon of lemon juice and knead for 1 minute, compare their relative elasticities to their elasticitiy before addition and record your Observations / Conclusions. Place all of the portions on the baking sheet in a pattern that will allow you to easily compare their differences once baked. Place the sheet in an 350oF oven for 10-15 min. Record your observations.

1) Glutenin and gliadin have very few charged amino acids. Therefore, flours are not very soluble in water. However, about 35-40% of the amino acid residues in the proteins are glutamine. Using intermolecular chemical principles, briefly explain why the glutamine distribution can relate to flour interacting with water to form dough.
2) List the flours used in increasing order of gluten content and compare them to your ranking of dough elasticity. Explain theoretically what chemical effects lemon juice and salt might have on the elasticity of dough.
3) What pattern in side chain functionality is observed in (a) Highly Hydrophilic amino acids and (b) Hydrophobic amino acids?
4) What two amino acids form the non-nutritive sweetener, "Aspartame"? Which optical isomers, R- or S-, do you think are used in "Aspartame"? Briefly explain your answer.

Sugars / Flatulence / Beano

Exercises / Activities:

Molecular Shapes:

http://chemconnections.org/general/chem120/106shapes-04.html

Molecular Shapes II:

http://chemconnections.org/general/chem120/106shapesII-03.html

Smell

http://chemconnections.org/general/chem106/Chem106/Smell/Smell-Stereochem.html

Chemical Communication: Pheromones

http://chemconnections.org/general/chem106/Chem106/Smell/ChemComm.html

VSEPR Web Lab: VSEPR. Polarity, Resonance

http://chemconnections.org/general/chem106/Chem120/108-atmos-gases-f01.html

Web Lab Part II: Mass and Gas Law Calculations

http://chemconnections.org/general/chem106/Chem120/108-atmos-gasesII-f01.html

Proteins:

http://chemconnections.org/general/chem106/Chem106/IVprint.html

Web Exercise: Enzymes, Equilibrium, Oxidation-Reduction, Climbing Mt. Everest

http://chemconnections.org/general/chem106/Chem120/108-bio-eq.html

Nutrasweet Case Study
http://science.kennesaw.edu/~mhermes/nutra/

Groups of 3-4.

Provide group's position on Concepts 1-4 and respond to claim that sweetner is unsafe (ques. #2).

Responses are to be in complete sentences, grammatically correct and typed.

Sunburn, Sunscreens & more
Week 1. Selection & Outline of Research Plan
Week 2. Experimentation
Week 3. Turn-in Report (typed):

Title

Purpose

Procedure

Results / Conclusions

End of Course Survey:
Anonymous survey:
If completed, 25pts/25pts will be included as an additional quiz grade.
http://www.wcer.wisc.edu/salgains/student/default.asp
Course ID: 714710526
Course Password: chem106
Login: Enter your DVC ID #; use the same # as for Chem 106 without any leading zeroes, eg. 12324, not 001234

Reading/Homework: (To be selected and assigned)

Text		*Concepts, Terms & Exercises*
Chapter 1: Chemistry: A Science for All Seasons. Science and Technology: The Roots of Knowledge. The Baconian Dream and the Carsonian Nightmare. Science: Testable, Reproducible, Explanatory, Predictive, and Tentative. Limitations of Science. Science and Technology: Risks and Benefits. Chemistry: Its Central Role. Solving Society's Problems: Scientific Research. Chemistry: A Study of Matter and Its Changes. Classification of Matter. Measurement of Matter. Density. Energy: Heat and Temperature. Critical Thinking.		1) Key Terms (43) 2) Exercises: 1.3 A&B, 1.5,1.6,1.7A&B, 1.9 A&B, 1.10 A&B, 1.11 A&B 3) Problems: 33,37, 39,41,43,45,47,49,51,53,55,57,61,65,69,71
Chapter 2: Atoms: Are They for Real? Atoms: The Greek Idea. Lavoisier: The Law of Conservation of Mass. Proust: The Law of Definite Proportions. John Dalton and the Atomic Theory of Matter. Out of Chaos: The Periodic Table. Atoms: Real and Relevant. Leucippus Revisited: Molecules.		1) Key Terms (8) 2) Exercises: 2.1 A&B, 2.2 3) Problems: 21,24,27,33,35,39,41
Chapter 3: Atomic Structure: Images of the Invisible. Electricity and the Atom. Serendipity in Science: X-Rays and Radioactivity. Three Types of Radioactivity. Rutherford's Experiment: The Nuclear Model of the Atom. Structure of the Nucleus. Electron Arrangement: The Bohr Model. Electron Arrangement: The Quantum Model. Electron Configurations and the Periodic Table. Which Model to Choose?		1) Key Terms (43) 2) Exercises: 3.1 A&B, 3.2 A&B, 3.3 3) Problems: 31,33,35,53,55,57,61
Chapter 4: Nuclear Chemistry: The Heart of the Matter. Natural Radioactivity. Nuclear Equations. Half-Life. Radioisotopic Dating. Artificial Transmutation. Uses of Radioisotopes. Nuclear Medicine. Penetrating Power of Radiation. Energy from the Nucleus. Building the Bomb. Radioactive Fallout. Nuclear Power Plants. Thermonuclear Reactions. The Nuclear Age.		1) Key Terms 2) Exercises: 4.2 A&B, 4.3A 3) Problems: 7,11,13,15,19a,25,27,29,35b,35c,39,45,49,51,57,61,63
Chapter 5: Chemical Bonds: The Ties That Bind. The Art of Deduction: Stable Electron Configurations. Electron-Dot Structures. Sodium Reacts with Chlorine: The Facts. Sodium Reacts with Chlorine: The Theory. Using Electron-Dot Symbols: More Ionic Compounds. Formulas and Names of Binary Ionic Compounds. Covalent Bonds: Shared Electron Pairs. Unequal Sharing: Polar Covalent Bonds. Polyatomic Molecules: Water, Ammonia, and Methane. Polyatomic Ions. Rules for Writing Electron-Dot Formulas. Odd-Electron Molecules: Free Radicals. Molecular Shapes: The VSEPR Theory. Shapes and Properties: Polar and Nonpolar Molecules. Intermolecular Forces and States of Matter. A Chemical Vocabulary.		1) Key Terms (38) 2) Exercises: 5.1,5.2,5.3,5.4,5.8,5.9,5.12,5.13,5.14 A&B,5.16 A 3) Problems: 7,9,11,13,14,17,19,21,23,25,27,29,31,33,37,41,43,49,55,57,61,67,73,77,89,91,95
Chapter 6: Chemical Accounting: Mass and Volume Relationships. Chemical Sentences: Equations. Volume Relationships in Chemical Equations. Avogadro's Number: 6.02 X 1023. The Mole: “A Dozen Eggs and a Mole of Sugar, Please.” Mole and Mass Relationships in Chemical Equations. The Gas Laws. Solutions.		1) Key Terms 2) Exercises/Problems: 6.3-6.4, Ques. 6.4,6.5,6.6,6.7, 6.8 A&B, 6.9 A&B, 19, 21, 31, 33 37, 39, 41 Gases 6.6, Ques. 6.14, 53, 55, 57, 59, 61Chemical Reactions 6.1-6-2, 6.5 Ques. 6.1 A&B, 6.2,6.3, 6.10, 6.11,6.12 A&B, 6.13 A&B, 29, 30, 43, 45, 47, 49, Solutions 6.7; Ques. 6.18 A&B, 6.19, 6.20, 6.21A&B, 6.22, 6.23, 6.24, 67, 69, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79
Chapter 7: Acids and Bases: Please Pass the Protons. Acids and Bases: Experimental Definitions. Acids, Bases, and Salts. Acidic and Basic Anhydrides. Strong and Weak Acids and Bases. The pH Scale. Acid Rain. Antacids: A Basic Remedy. Acids and Bases in Industry and in Us.		1) Key Terms 2) Exercises: Acids- Bases 7.1, 7.2, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 7.7; Ques. 7.1A&B, 7.2A, 7.5A&B, 7.6A&B, 7.7A&B 3) Problems: 2, 16, 19, 29, 31a&b, 41, 43, 45, 49, 50, 51, 53
Chapter 8: Oxidation and Reduction: Burn and Unburn. Oxidation and Reduction: Three Views. Oxidizing and Reducing Agents. Electrochemistry: Cells and Batteries. Corrosion. Explosive Reactions. Oxygen: An Abundant and Essential Oxidizing Agent. Other Common Oxidizing Agents. Some Reducing Agents of Interest. A Closer Look at Hydrogen. Oxidation, Reduction, and Living Things. p.228		1) Key Terms 2) Exercises: 3) Problems: 8.17a, 19, 25, 27, 29
Chapter 9: Organic Chemistry: The Infinite Variety of Carbon Compounds. The Unique Carbon Atom. Alkanes. Cyclic Hydrocarbons: Rings and Things. Unsaturated and Hydrocarbons: Alkenes and Alkynes. Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Benzene and Relatives. Chlorinated Hydrocarbons: Many Uses, Some Hazards. The Functional Group. The Alcohol Family. Phenols. Ethers. Aldehydes and Ketones. Carboxylic Acids. Esters: The Sweet Smell of RCOOR'. Amines and Amides. Heterocyclic Compounds: Alkaloids and Others.		1) Key Terms 2) Exercises: 9.1-9.13 3) Problems: Ques. 9.1, 9.2A&B, 9.6, 9.8, 5, 55, 61, 63, 65, 68, 71
Chapter 10: Polymers: Giants Among Molecules. Polymerization: Making Big Ones Out of Little Ones. Natural Polymers. Celluloid: Billiard Balls and Collars. Polyethylene: From the Battle of Britain to Bread Bags. Addition Polymerization: One + One + One + … Gives One!. Rubber. Condensation Polymers: Splitting Out Water. Properties of Polymers. Disposal of Plastics. Plastics and Fire Hazards. Plasticizers and Pollution. Plastics and the Future.		1) Key Terms 2) Exercises: 10.1, 10.2 A&B, 10.3 3) Problems: 9, 11, 33, 35, 37, 39, 41, 43, 44, 45, 51, 53, 55; Lab Related: 27, 28, 31, 32 Define "biodegradable", Identify 1 biodegradable synthetic polymer
Chapter 11: Chemistry of Earth: Metals and Minerals. Spaceship Earth: The Materials Manifest. The Lithosphere: Organic and Inorganic. Meeting Our Needs: From Sticks to Bricks. Silicates and the Shapes of Things. Modified Silicates: Ceramics, Glass, and Cement. Metals and Ores. Running Out of Everything: Earth's Dwindling Resources. Land Pollution: Solid Wastes. The Three R's of Garbage: Reduce, Reuse, Recycle. How Crowded Is Our Spaceship?		1) Key Terms 2) Exercises: 3) Problems:
Chapter 12: Air: The Breath of Life. Earth's Atmosphere: Divisions and Composition. Chemistry of the Atmosphere. Temperature Inversion. Natural Pollution. The Air Our Ancestors Breathed. Pollution Goes Global. Coal + Fire = Industrial Smog. Automobile Emissions. Photochemical Smog: Making Haze While the Sun Shines. Acid Rain: Air Pollution = Water Pollution. The Inside Story: Indoor Air Pollution. Ozone: The Double-Edged Sword. Carbon Dioxide and the Greenhouse Effect. The Ultimate Pollutant: Heat. Who Pollutes? How Much?. Paying the Price.		1) Key Terms 2) Exercises / Problems: Global Warming 12.13-12.14: Ques. 57, 58
Chapter 13: Water: Rivers of Life; Seas of Sorrows. Water: Some Unique Properties. Water, Water, Everywhere. The Water Cycle and Natural Contaminants. Chemical Contamination: From Farm, Factory, and Home. An Example of Industrial Pollution: Building a Car. Groundwater Contamination: Tainted Tap Water. Making Water Fit to Drink. Water Treatment Plants. From Wastewater to Drinking Water. The Newest Soft Drink: Bottled Water. Back to the Soil: An Alternative Solution. We're the Solution to Water Pollution.		1) Key Terms 2) Exercises: 3) Problems:
Chapter 14: Energy: A Fuels Paradise. Heavenly Sunlight Flooding Earth with Energy. Energy and Chemical Reactions. Energy and the First Law: Energy Is Conserved. Energy and the Second Law: Things Are Going to Get Worse. People Power: Early Uses of Energy. Fossil Fuels: Reserves and Consumption Rates. Coal: The Carbon Rock of Ages. Natural Gas: Mostly Methane. Petroleum: Liquid Hydrocarbons. Convenient Energy: Electricity. Nuclear Fission. Nuclear Fusion: The Sun in a Magnetic Bottle. Harnessing the Sun: Solar Energy. Biomass: Photosynthesis for Fuel. Hydrogen: Light and Powerful. Other Renewable Energy Sources. Energy: How Much Is Too Much?		1) Key Terms 2) Exercises / Problems: 7,9,11,13,15,17,27,28,33,37,51,52,61,65,67
Chapter 15: Biochemistry: A Molecular View of Life. The Cell. Energy in Biological Systems. Carbohydrates: A Storehouse of Energy. Fats and Other Lipids. Proteins: Polymers of Amino Acids. Peptide Bond: Peptides and Proteins. Structure of Proteins. Enzymes: Exquisite Precision Machines. Nucleic Acids: Parts and Structure. DNA: Self-Replication. RNA: Protein Synthesis and the Genetic Code. Genetic Engineering.		1) Key Terms 2) Exercises: 15.3 A&B, 15.4 A&B, 3) Problems: 3,4,5,6,9,10,14,15,16,19,27, 28,29,30,31,34-37,51-54, 57,65,67,73,75,79,80,83,85
Chapter 16: Food: Those Incredible Edible Chemicals. Carbohydrates: The Preferred Fuels. Fats: Energy Reserves, Cholesterol, and Cardiovascular Disease. Proteins: Muscle and Much More. Minerals: Important Inorganic Chemicals in Our Lives. Vitamins: Vital, But Not All Are Amines. Other Essentials: Fiber and Water. Starvation and Fasting. Additives to Enhance Our Food. Poisons in Your Food. A World Without Food Additives. Plants: Sun-Powered Food-Making Machines. Farming With Chemicals: Fertilizers. The War Against Pests. Biological Insect Controls. Herbicides and Defoliants. Sustainable Agriculture. Some Malthusian Mathematics. Can We Feed a Hungry World?		1) Key Terms 2) Exercises: 1-5, 10, 14, 17, 21 3) Problems: 31-34, 35, 37, 39, 79-82, 85-92; (99 modified)
Chapter 17: Household Chemicals: Helps and Hazards. A History of Cleaning. Fat + Lye = Soap. Synthetic Detergents. Laundry Detergent Formulations. Dishwashing Detergents. Fabric Softeners: Quaternary Ammonium Salts. Laundry Bleaches: Whiter Whites. All-Purpose Cleaning Products. Special-Purpose Cleaners. Organic Solvents in the Home. Paints. Waxes. Cosmetics: Personal Care Chemicals. Toothpaste: Soap with Grit and Flavor. Perfumes, Colognes, and Aftershaves. Some Hairy Chemistry. The Well-Informed Consumer.		1) Key Terms 2) Exercises: 3) Problems:
Chapter 18: Fitness and Health: Some Chemical Connections. Nutrition. Vitamins and Minerals. Body Fluids: Electrolytes. Weight Loss Diets. Exercise for Weight Loss. Measuring Fitness. Some Chemistry of Muscles. Drugs and the Athlete. Exercise and the Brain. No Smoking. Chemistry of Sports Materials. The Power of Optimism.		1) Key Terms 2) Exercises: 3) Problems: 72,73 1-3, 6, 7, 14, 19 24, 26-28, 41-45, 47, 49, 51, 55, 68, 73, 75,77, 79
Chapter 19: Drugs: Chemical Cures, Comforts, and Cautions. Pain Relievers: Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs. Chemistry and the Common Cold. Antibacterial Drugs. Viruses and Antiviral Drugs. Chemicals Against Cancer. Hormones: The Regulators. Chemistry and Social Revolution: The Pill. Drugs for the Heart. Drugs and the Mind. Some Chemistry of the Nervous System. Brain Amines: Depression and Mania. Anesthetics. Depressants. Narcotics. Antianxiety Agents. Stimulant Drugs. The Mindbenders: LSD. Marijuana: Some Chemistry of Cannabis. Drug Problems. The Placebo Effect. New Uses for Old Drugs.		1) Key Terms 2) Exercises: 3) Problems:
Chapter 20: Poisons: Chemical Toxicology. Natural Poisons. Corrosive Poisons: A Closer Look. Poisons Affecting Oxygen Transport and Oxidative Processes. Make Your Own Poison: Fluoroacetic Acid. Heavy Metal Poisons. More Chemistry of the Nervous System. The Lethal Dose. Your Liver: A Detox Facility. Chemical Carcinogens: Slow Poisons. Testing for Carcinogens: Three Ways. Birth Defects: Teratogens. Hazardous Wastes. What Price Poisons?		1) Key Terms 2) Exercises: 3) Problems: